Donkey Secondary Antibodies
Biotium MUC4 (Mucin 4 / Gastric Mucin)(MUC4/3105), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The major constituents of mucus, the viscous secretion that covers epithelial surfaces such as those in the trachea, colon, and cervix, are highly glycosylated proteins called mucins. These glycoproteins play important roles in the protection of the epithelial cells and have been implicated in epithelial renewal and differentiation. This gene encodes an integral membrane glycoprotein found on the cell surface, although secreted isoforms may exist. MUC-4 transcripts have been detected in normal respiratory epithelium and lung. MUC-4 is a very specific (100%) and sensitive (90%) marker of lung adenocarcinomas and is negative for mesotheliomas. Reportedly, MUC-4 expression in invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas is an independent factor for poor prognosis. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S an
Biotium Cytokeratin, Acidic (Type I or LMW) (Epithelial Marker) (KRTL/1377), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes the 56.5 kDa (CK10); 50 kDa (CK14); 50 kDa (CK15); 48 kDa (CK16); 40 kDa (CK19) keratins of the acidic (Type I or LMW) subfamily. Twenty human keratins are resolved with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis into acidic (pI 6.0) subfamilies. The acidic keratins have molecular weights (MW) of 56.5, 55, 51, 50, 50 , 48, 46, 45, and 40 kDa. Many studies have shown the usefulness of keratins as markers in cancer research and tumor diagnosis.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Cytokeratin, pan (Epithelial Marker), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Twenty human keratins are resolved with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis into acidic (pI 6.0) subfamilies. This antibody cocktail recognizes acidic (Type I or LMW) and basic (Type II or HMW) cytokeratins, which 67 kDa (CK1); 64 kDa (CK3); 59 kDa (CK4); 58 kDa (CK5); 56 kDa (CK6); 52 kDa (CK8); 56.5 kDa (CK10); 50 kDa (CK14); 50 kDa (CK15); 48 kDa (CK16); 40 kDa (CK19). Many studies have shown the usefulness of keratins as markers in cancer research and tumor diagnosis. It is a broad spectrum anti pan-cytokeratin antibody, which differentiates epithelial tumors from non-epithelial tumors e.g. squamous vs. adenocarcinoma of the lung, liver carcinoma, breast cancer, and esophageal cancer. It may be useful to characterize the source of various neoplasms and to study the distribution of cytokeratin containing cells in epithelia during normal development and during the development of epithelial neoplasms. This antibody stains cytokeratins present in normal and abnormal human tis
Biotium Tyrosinase-Related Protein-1 (TYRP-1) (Melanoma Marker)(TYRP1/3281), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Reacts with a 75 kDa melanocyte-specific gene product, identified as Tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1). It is involved in melanin synthesis. TRP1 is present on the melanosomal membranes of melanoma, normal melanocytes and nevi. Recent evidence suggests that TRP-1 is involved in maintaining stability of tyrosinase protein and modulating its catalytic activity. TRP-1 is also involved in maintenance of melanosome ultrastructure and affects melanocyte proliferation and cell death. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium LMO2 (B-Cell Marker)(LMO2/3147R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The LMO2 protein has a central and crucial role in hematopoietic development and is highly conserved. It has a particular function in normal and lymphatic endothelial cells involving the regulation of angiogenesis and lymph-angiogenesis. Immunohistochemical studies have also demonstrated expression of LMO2 in both normal germinal center B-cells and germinal center-derived B-cell lymphomas, including follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The use of anti-LMO2 is valuable as a tool in the identification of lymphomas of B-cell origin. LMO2 is useful in differentiating follicular lymphoma (LMO2 ) from nodal marginal zone lymphoma (LM02-). It also is positive in Hodgkin's and Burkitt's lymphomas. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abun
Biotium Uroplakin 1A (Urothelial Differentiation Marker)(UPK1A/2922), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is found in the asymmetrical unit membrane (AUM) where it can complex with other transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins. It may play a role in normal bladder epithelial physiology, possibly in regulating membrane permeability of superficial umbrella cells or in stabilizing the apical membrane through AUM/cytoskeletal interactions. The protein may also play a role in tumor suppression. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like
Biotium SOX2 (Embryonic Stem Cell Marker)(rSOX2/1792), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
SOX2 is required for stem cell maintenance in the central nervous system, and it also regulates gene expression in the stomach. SOX2 is necessary for regulating multiple transcription factors that affect Oct 3/4 expression. An essential function of SOX2 is to stabilize embryonic stem cells in a pluripotent state by maintaining the requisite level of Oct 3/4 expression. Reportedly, SOX2 is associated with aggressive phenotypes of breast, head and neck, gastric, colorectal, bladder, and small cell lung cancers. However, SOX2 is expressed in a high percentage of lung squamous cell carcinomas and has been shown to be an independent favorable prognostic marker. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluoresc
Biotium FABP5 (Marker of Metastatic Potential in Colorectal Cancer)(FABP5/3750), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This gene encodes the fatty acid binding protein found in epidermal cells, and was first identified as being upregulated in psoriasis tissue. Fatty acid binding proteins are a family of small, highly conserved, cytoplasmic proteins that bind long-chain fatty acids and other hydrophobic ligands. FABPs may play roles in fatty acid uptake, transport, and metabolism. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with type 2 diabetes. The human genome contains many pseudogenes similar to this locus. FABP5 is also associated with poor survival in triple-negative breast cancer. Additionally, FABP5 gene is upregulated in colorectal cancer cells compared to normal colon cells in a manner that correlates with disease stage and that FABP5 significantly promotes colorectal cancer cell growth and metastatic potential. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjuga
Biotium Uroplakin 1A (Urothelial Differentiation Marker)(UPK1A/2921), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is found in the asymmetrical unit membrane (AUM) where it can complex with other transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins. It may play a role in normal bladder epithelial physiology, possibly in regulating membrane permeability of superficial umbrella cells or in stabilizing the apical membrane through AUM/cytoskeletal interactions. The protein may also play a role in tumor suppression. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like
Biotium Ornithine Decarboxylase-1 (ODC-1)(rODC1/485), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a 53 kDa protein, identified as the Ornithine Decarboxylase (ODC-1). ODC is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of polyamines and is involved in the conversion of ornithine to putrescine. The biological activity of ODC-1 is rapidly induced in response to virtually all agents known to promote cell proliferation including hormones, drugs, growth factors, mitogens, and tumor promoters. Reportedly, ODC mRNA levels are elevated in lung carcinomas as well as in colon adenomas and carcinomas. ODC activity in colorectal carcinomas is greater than those in adenomas and normal mucosa. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific backg
Biotium Neurofilament (H+L)(RT-97 + NR-4), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb reacts with a 200 kDa and 68 kDa protein, identified as heavy and light sub-units of neurofilaments (NF-H & NF-L). Neurofilaments make up the main structural elements of axons and dendrites and are found in neurons, peripheral nerves, and sympathetic ganglion cells. Neurofilaments consist of three major subunits with molecular weights of 68 kDa (NF-L), 160 kDa (NF-M) and 200 kDa (NF-H). Anti-neurofilament stains a number of neural, neuroendocrine, and endocrine tumors. Neuromas, ganglioneuromas, gangliogliomas, ganglioneuroblastomas, and neuroblastomas stain positively for anti-neurofilament. Neurofilaments are also present in paragangliomas as well as adrenal and extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. Carcinoids, neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin, and oat cell carcinomas of the lung also express neurofilament.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. No
Biotium Decorin(DCN/3523), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Decorin is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family member that consists of a glycosaminoglycan chain-containing core protein. The core protein contains ten leucine rich repeats that contain sites for glycosylation, flanked by disulfide bond stabilizing loops. Decorin binds to Collagen Type I, II and IV in vivo and promotes the formation of fibers with variations in stability and solubility. The Decorin core protein binds to growth factors, intercellular matrix molecules, such as Fibronectin and Thrombospondin, and to the Decorin endocytosis receptor. Decorin binds to and inhibits TGF and is a direct or indirect negative modulator of TGF synthesis. Inhibition of Decorin core protein gene expression by the combination of IFN- and TNF may contribute to cartilage destruction that is characteristic of inflammatory joint diseases. The human Decorin gene maps to chromosome 12q21. 33 and encodes a 359 amino acid protein. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a se
Biotium Thyroglobulin(TGB04 + TGB05), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Thyroglobulin is a 660 kDa dimeric pre-protein with mutiple glycosylation sites. It is produced by and processed within the thyroid gland to produce the hormone thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Prior to forming dimers, thyroglobulin monomers undergo conformational maturation in the endoplasmic reticulation. The vast majority of follicular carcinomas of the thyroid will give positive immunoreactivity for anti-thyroglobulin even though sometimes only focally. Poorly differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid are frequently anti-thyroglobulin negative. Adenocarcinomas of other-than-thyroid origin do not react with this antibody. This antibody is useful in identification of thyroid carcinoma of the papillary and follicular types. Presence of thyroglobulin in metastatic lesions establishes the thyroid origin of tumor. Anti-thyroglobulin, combined with anti-calcitonin, can identify medullary carcinomas of the thyroid. Furthermore, anti-thyroglobulin, combined with anti-TTF1, can be a
Biotium BAP1 (BRCA1 Associated Protein 1)(BAP1/2432), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The BRCA 1 Associated Protein 1 (BAP1) protein belongs to the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase subfamily of de-ubiquitination enzymes that are involved in the removal of ubiquitin from proteins. The encoded enzyme binds to the breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) via the RING finger domain of the latter and acts as a tumor suppressor. In addition, the enzyme may be involved in regulation of transcription, regulation of cell cycle and growth, response to DNA damage and chromatin dynamics. Germ line mutations in this gene may be associated with tumor predisposition syndrome (TPDS), which involves increased risk of cancers including malignant mesothelioma, Uveal melanoma and cutaneous melanoma. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundan
Biotium Cathepsin K (Marker of Tumor Invasiveness)(CTSK/2792), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Cathepsin K is a lysosomal and secreted cysteine proteinase involved in bone remodeling and resorption. This protein, which is a member of the peptidase C1 protein family, is predominantly expressed in osteoclasts. However, the encoded protein is also expressed in a significant fraction of human breast cancers, where it could contribute to tumor invasiveness. Mutations in this gene are the cause of pycnodysostosis, an autosomal recessive disease characterized by osteosclerosis and short stature. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.